This article outlines the position statements for the AAVMC from 2008-2014.

Although it is traditional to speak of the “3 Rs,” (Refinement, Reduction, and Replacement) the AAVMC recommends that students are taught to follow a 4th “R” as well:

Respect ~ the animal for the value of its life. Respect the animal for its contribution to science and medicine. Respect the animal for the privilege of learning from hands on manipulation of a living, breathing animal. Respect the animal that has been euthanized and make sure its body is handled and disposed of properly.